Syndromes, causes and clinical signs
| Syndrome | Causes | Clinical Features |
| Complete transection | Trauma Infection Transverse myelitis Tumour | Complete loss of motor and sensory function below the level of the lesion |
| Hemisection | Trauma MS Abscess | Ipsilateral loss of motor function and light touch below the lesion Contralateral loss of pain/temperature below the lesion ipsilateral loss of pain/temperature AT the level of the lesion |
| Central cord syndrome | Cervical hyperextension injury Syringomyelia Transverse myelitis | Loss of motor > sensory Loss of upper limb > lower limb function Loss of distal > proximal function Bladder dysfunction |
| Anterior spinal artery syndrome | Anterior spinal artery occlusion (a. of Ademkiewicz) – athero-embolic – AAA – EVAR – Vasculitic Trauma (hyperFLEXION) Abscess | Bilateral loss of motor function and pain below the level of the lesion Preservation of proprioception |
| Cauda equina | Trauma (below L1) Abscess Tumour Haemorrhage | Bowel / bladder dysfunction Saddle paraesthesia sexual dysfunction |
There are other syndromes, but these are the main ones
